Coppa Image Used Under Creative Commons License From coursesetsaveurs.com
Citizens, there are few things that bring a greater feeling of satisfaction than making something you previously thought was impossible at home – and I, as the infinitely magnanimous TFD – seek your eternal happiness in all things gustatory!
As such, today I wish to share you with the proper techniques to make homemade Italian charcuterie – specifically, the porcine delight known as coppa (and sometimes, capicola)!
I strongly encourage you to join the Facebook group called ‘the Salt-Cured Pig’ if you have any interest in making your own charcuterie – the people there are pros and love to teach newcomers! My coppa recipe is in fact a synthesis of several versions I found there, plus a few bits of my own magic!
Capocollo, coppa or capicola is a traditional Italian and Corsican pork cold cut (salume) made from the dry-cured muscle running from the neck to the fourth or fifth rib of the pork shoulder or neck.
It is a whole-muscle salume, dry cured, and typically sliced very thin. It is similar to the more widely known cured ham or prosciutto, because they are both pork-derived cold-cuts used in similar dishes. However, it is not brined as ham typically is.
As noted on one of my favorite sites on this topic, blog.sausagemaker.com:
What’s the Difference Between Coppa and Capicola?
Coppa and capicola are two terms for the same kind of dry-cured meat. They can pretty much be used interchangeably, with one small caveat: Coppa originated in a region of Italy called Emilia-Romagna, while capicola was developed in Calabria.
Either way, the meat comes from a muscle in the hog’s neck and gets dry-cured, then sliced thin for eating. You might also hear this cut referred to as capocollo (the most direct combination of the words capo and collo, which mean head and neck in Italian), capicollo, or even gabagool.
The Calabrian version is spicy from liberal use of their eye-watering hot chilies, while the Emilia-Romagna version is mild. The Tuscan version uses game-related herbs and spices in their version made from wild boar – I have happily and heretically adopted ingredients from all 3 styles in my version!
This cut is typically called capocollo or coppa in much of Italy and Corsica. This name is a compound of the words capo (“head”) and collo (“neck”). Regional terms include capicollo (Campania and Calabria) and capicollu (Corsica).
Outside of Italy and Corsica, terms include bondiola or bondiola curada in Argentina and capicola or capicolla in North America. The pronunciation “gabagool” has been used by Italian Americans in the New York City area and elsewhere in the Northeast, based on the pronunciation of “capicola” in working-class dialects of 19th- and early 20th-century Neapolitan. It was notably used in the television series The Sopranos, and its use has become a well-known humorous stereotype.
In its production, capocollo is first lightly seasoned often with red and sometimes white wine, garlic, and a variety of herbs and spices that differs depending on region.
The meat is then salted (and was traditionally massaged) and stuffed into a natural casing, and hung for up to six months to cure. Sometimes the exterior is rubbed with hot paprika before being hung and cured.
Capocollo is essentially the pork counterpart of the air-dried, cured beef bresaola. It is widely available wherever significant Italian communities occur, due to commercially produced varieties. The slow-roasted Piedmontese version is called coppa cotta.
Capocollo is esteemed for its delicate flavor and tender, fatty texture, and is often more expensive than most other salumi. In many countries, it is often sold as a gourmet food item. It is usually sliced thin for use in antipasto or sandwiches such as muffulettas, Italian grinders and subs, and panini’ as well as some traditional Italian pizza.
A balanced quantity of white fat is important for flavor and softness.
Two particular varieties, Coppa Piacentina and Capocollo di Calabria, have Protected Designation of Origin status under the Common Agricultural Policy of European Union law, which ensures that only products genuinely originating in those regions are allowed in commerce as such.
Now, to make this item at home isn’t as God-awful difficult as other types of pork charcuterie, but you do need certain things or it just won’t work. Just like with my lardo recipe.
First off, you will need a cool and damp basement or room to hang the meat while it cures and it must be kept at the proper temperature and humidity throughout the process. You can buy a good humidifier here and a hygrometer to properly measure humidity here. Without the proper humidity, the wrong kinds of mold will grow on the meat and ruin it.
MOLD you say?!
Yes – mold.
Most Italian charcuterie (and most charcuterie in general) have a layer of beneficial white mold on the outside that not only protects the meat, but flavors and preserves it as well. Typically, you would need to special order the correct kind of mold from a meat supply store – I will show you a far simpler method (and even more flavorful version) that you can more easily acquire.
I speak of koji – the same Japanese mold used to make soy sauce, miso and other umami delights! The beneficial effects of koji are amply demonstrated in my previous recipe about how to ‘dry age’ a steak with it – the recipe is here.
Now – as to the correct meat to use in coppa. Many recipes call for pork loin.
They are wrong.
The proper cut is known as the collar, and you can purchase that cut made from Berkshire (aka Kurobota) heirloom pigs here.
Salt is of course integral to making proper charcuterie. You can use plain old kosher salt, but I prefer Trapani sea salt as used in Italy – you can buy it here. NEVER skimp on salt – EVER. It is the foundation of the curing process, which will take place in your fridge through a process known as equilibrium curing.
You also need to be sure you cure the meat to prevent botulism and to give the desired red color in the final product – Potassium Nitrate (aka Saltpeter) is the ingredient that works its magic in this recipe and be CERTAIN you only buy food-grade Nitrate – the proper version can be bought here.
You will also need to tie up the coppa to hang properly – this is not an easy thing to describe in writing, but this video here will teach you how to do it with ease!
Another important item you will need is an accurate kitchen scale – making charcuterie means you need to go by percentages of the weight of the meat you are curing, and being off even a little bit will ruin the product. This scale works well.
Collagen casing specific to making coppa may be purchased here. This casing helps protect the meat and is not edible – remove it before serving. It will be pierced many times with a ‘sausage pricker’ tool to help eliminate air bubbles and to allow tiny holes where the koji can enter the meat and help ferment it. Buy it here.
Koji can be purchased here on Amazon and sausage tie string can be bought here. Calabrian chili powder is here.
Have I intimidated you, Citizens? I hope not – yes, you need several specific tools and ingredients to make homemade charcuterie, but the incredibly savory and succulent end result is SO worth it. Just remember – if there is anything but white mold growing on the coppa, it’s probably bad and should be thrown away. If it smells weird, throw it away.
Begin your charcuterie journey with this single step, my Citizens!
Trapani Sea Salt (preferred)or Kosher Salt - 2.50%
Potassium Nitrate, Food-Grade KNO3 - 0.04%
Black Peppercorns, ground - 0.3%
Calabrian Chili Powder - 0.1%
Dried Rosemary, ground - 0.2%
Dried Thyme, ground - 0.2%
Calabrian Fennel Seeds, ground - 0.6%
Garlic Powder - 0.4%
Bay Leaf, ground - 0.1%
Juniper Berries, ground - 0.1%
Nutmeg, grated - 0.1%
Instructions
Combine all the cure ingredients. Rub cure on all surfaces of the well-dried pork collar, then cure for 15 days in the fridge inside a sealed plastic bag.
Let the Koji dry in a bowl at room temperature during the same 15 days.
After the 15 days curing, reduce the koji into a powder (use a spice grinder) and after a quick rinse of the pork collar, simply roll the loin into the koji powder and shake off the excess.
Encase the meat in a proper-sized collagen sheet, and tie it up per the video instructions. Once the casings are stuffed, use a sausage pricker or sterilized needle to remove as many air pockets as you can, poking holes all over the coppa.
Prior to hanging the coppa, document its weight with a calibrated food scale. When you hang it up for drying and aging, the final weight of your product should be at least 40% less than it was at the initial weigh-in.
Transfer the coppa to your curing room and ideally, hang first at 58F and 85% humidity for two days. This extra humidity will encourage the koji to grow and cover the surface of the coppa in a protective mold layer.
Even if the mold has not shown yet, cool it down to between 50-55F and 70-75% humidity until it reaches 30-45% weight loss, depending on how cured you like your meat. Hold at this setting for the rest of the recipe, which could be anywhere from 30 to 45 days.
For short-term storage, keep it in a plastic bag and refrigerate. If you have a vacuum sealer, this would be the best time to slice, pack into vac-bags, seal and refrigerate for at least six months in storage (as long as the vacuum seal holds).
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