The Hirshon Italian Jewish Candied Citron Peel – Succade

Citizens, today is the first day of the week-long Jewish holiday of Sukkot!

Sukkot (Hebrew: סוכות‎ or סֻכּוֹת, sukkōt, commonly translated as Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of the Ingathering, traditional Ashkenazi pronunciation Sukkos or Succos, literally Feast of Booths) is a biblical Jewish holiday celebrated on the 15th day of the seventh month, Tishrei (varies from late September to late October).

During the existence of the Jerusalem Temple, it was one of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals (Hebrew: שלוש רגלים‎, shalosh regalim) on which the Israelites were commanded to perform a pilgrimage to the Temple.

Sukkot has a double significance. The one mentioned in the Book of Exodus is agricultural in nature—”Feast of Ingathering at the year’s end” (Exodus 34:22)—and marks the end of the harvest time and thus of the agricultural year in the Land of Israel. The more elaborate religious significance from the Book of Leviticus is that of commemorating the Exodus and the dependence of the People of Israel on the will of God (Leviticus 23:42-43).

The holiday lasts seven days in Israel and eight in the diaspora. The Hebrew word sukkōt is the plural of sukkah, “booth” or “tabernacle”, which is a walled structure covered with s’chach (plant material such as overgrowth or palm leaves). A sukkah is the name of the temporary dwelling in which farmers would live during harvesting, a fact connecting to the agricultural significance of the holiday stressed by the Book of Exodus.

As stated in Leviticus, it is also intended as a reminiscence of the type of fragile dwellings in which the Israelites dwelt during their 40 years of travel in the desert after the Exodus from slavery in Egypt. Throughout the holiday, meals are eaten inside the sukkah and many people sleep there as well.

On each day of the holiday it is mandatory to perform a waving ceremony with the Four Species. The four species (Hebrew: ארבעת המינים‬ arba’at ha-minim, also called arba’a minim) are four plants mentioned in the Torah (Leviticus 23:40) as being relevant to the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. Rabbinic Jews tie together three types of branches and one type of fruit and wave them in a special ceremony each day of the Sukkot holiday, excluding Shabbat. The waving of the four plants is a mitzvah prescribed by the Torah, and contains symbolic allusions to a Jew’s service of God.

In Talmudic tradition, the four plants are identified as:

etrog (אתרוג‬) – the fruit of a citron tree
lulav (לולב‬) – a ripe, green, closed frond from a date palm tree
hadass (הדס‬) – boughs with leaves from the myrtle tree
aravah (ערבה‬) – branches with leaves from the willow tree

The end result is at the end of Sukkot you have a rather expensive piece of Citron and I am gratified to give you an excellent use for it, one dating back nearly a thousand years, if not more so!

Italians have, in fact, been enjoying candied Citron peel for centuries!

Candied peel (succade) is a must-have when making cakes and desserts, and it is quite easy to make it yourself.

Succade is the candied peel of any of the citrus species, especially from the citron or Citrus medica which is distinct with its extra thick peel; in addition, the taste of the inner rind of the citron is less bitter than those of the other citrus.

In Italy the citron grows almost exclusively along the Riviera dei Cedri on the west coast of Calabria, and its is always referred to with awe and reverence. Citron is actually its own breed, unrelated to other fruits in the same genre and is said to be the oldest form of citrus that originated in Southeast Asia.

The average Citron purchased for Sukkot costs at least $35 and can go as high as $350, depending on certain ritual characteristics being met such as no black dots, its shape and the stem being intact.

So – maximize your investment and make this, Citizens! Even if you’re not Jewish. My version is a hybrid of two recipes – one from the unmatched pastry Chef David Leibovitz and one from Lauren Gorveman. My tweak – to add a touch of rosewater to reflect the medieval popularity of this particular ingredient (rosewater was a very popular ingredient in medieval desserts). 🙂

Battle on – The Generalissimo

The Hirshon Italian Jewish Candied Citron Peel – Succcade

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Ingredients

Units USM Scale 1x2x3x

• 1 citron
• 3 cups water
• 3 1/2 cups granulated sugar
• 1/2 cup light corn syrup
• 2 teaspoons rosewater, Cortas Brand preferred (optional)

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Instructions

1. The interior of citron is not at all the prize–the flesh is dry (like an over-the-hill orange) and a bit leathery–It’s the outer rind that you want. Fresh citron has a hard, thick outer rind (the “rind” is considered everything above the interior fruit-flesh.)
2. After cutting citron into wedges, you need to remove the inner fruit. You can use a grapefruit spoon. I just use my fingers to pry it out.
3. Boil the peel 2 times (uncovered), over high heat, in two separate batches of rapidly boiling water, for 10 minutes each time.
4. As a time saver, I bring two pots to a boil, then after blanching the first time, I just drain the peel and then dump the pieces into the second pot. If you use one pot, rinse the interior after draining and fill with fresh water–bring to a boil and proceed.
5. After draining the blanched citron strips, make a sugar syrup in a 12-inch, deep-sided skillet with sugar and water.The syrup is important to keep the citron supple, after cooking.
6. After whisking together the syrup ingredients, bring the mixture to a boil. Add the blanched citron to the boiling syrup.
7. Place a sheet of parchment paper directly over the top (actually sitting on the fruit and syrup).
8. Place a heat-proof bowl on top of the paper, to help weight it down.
9. This set up helps to prevent excess condensation from forming and diluting the syrup. The goal is to reduce the syrup slowly–keeping the peel submerged.
10. Turn the heat to low and simmer the citron rind at a slow but bouncy bubble for between 1 3/4 to 2 hours – check after 30 minutes and keep the temperature to no more than 230 degrees Fahrenheit.
11. The point is to simmer until the syrup completely penetrates the white pith. Once very tender, remove the paper and raise the heat, only to medium. Now you’ll cook the liquid a bit more briskly in order to evaporate some of the water in the already reduced syrup. The syrup will seem very foamy on top and will bubble quite furiously.
12. As the liquid reduces, lower the heat. At this point, let your nose be your guide. Don’t allow the liquid to color beyond a very light amber. You will smell the syrup turn–this is when it becomes candy–if you let this go too far, the syrup will be too flavorful and will overwhelm the citron with an overly cooked taste.
13. The citron rind should be perfectly tender and the syrup should hug the rind. Add rosewater, if using, and leave to sit and cool in the syrup for an hour.
14. Spray a wire cooling rack with flavorless vegetable spray and lay the candied citron on the rack in a single layer. If planning to sugar-coat the pieces, only allow them to settle until just warm. If allowed to sit too long, the outside will lose it’s sticky quality, which is what the sugar needs to adhere to.
15. After rolling in sugar, place back on the rack and allow them to dry for a few hours. Cover and store at room temperature.
16. If not planning to sugar-coat, then allow the pieces to dry on the rack for a few hours or overnight. Use an oiled chef’s knife to cut into small ½” cubes.
17. Alternatively, store in the syrup and don’t sugar coat, this will preserve the rind for up to a year, refrigerated. The syrup is fantastic in tea or soda water!

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