Citizens, Costa Rica (literally meaning: “Rich Coast”), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (Spanish: República de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of approximately 4.5 million, of whom nearly a quarter live in the metropolitan area of the capital and largest city, San José.
Costa Rica was sparsely inhabited by indigenous people before coming under Spanish rule in the 16th century. It remained a peripheral colony of the empire until independence as part of the short-lived First Mexican Empire, followed by membership in the United Provinces of Central America, from which it formally declared sovereignty in 1847. Since then, Costa Rica has remained among the most stable, prosperous, and progressive nations in Latin America. Following a brief but bloody civil war, it permanently abolished its army in 1949, becoming the first of only a few sovereign nations without a standing army.
Costa Rica has consistently performed favorably in the Human Development Index (HDI), placing 69th in the world as of 2015, among the highest of any Latin American nation. It has also been cited by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as having attained much higher human development than other countries at the same income levels, with a better record on human development and inequality than the median of the region. Its rapidly developing economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified to include sectors such as finance, pharmaceuticals, and ecotourism.
Costa Rica is known for its progressive environmental policies, being the only country to meet all five criteria established to measure environmental sustainability. It was ranked 42nd in the world, and third in the Americas, in the 2016 Environmental Performance Index, was twice ranked the best performing country in the New Economics Foundation’s (NEF) Happy Planet Index, which measures environmental sustainability, and was identified by the NEF as the greenest country in the world in 2009. Costa Rica officially plans to become a carbon-neutral country by 2021. In 2012, it became the first country in the Americas to ban recreational hunting.
Quite the place, . 🙂
Perhaps the pinnacle of Costa Rican cuisine is their unique Christmas tamal – I hereby reprint in its entirety a wonderful post from insidecostarica.com on its uniqueness and glory!
By Jack Donnelly
December 4th, 2014 (InsideCostaRica.com) The Costa Rican tamal (the singular in Spanish is tamal‒tamale is English) is a work of art, wondrous to behold, and a culinary epiphany to consume. They are not always found at fiestas and fairs, but are an essential part of the Christmas holidays. Many families will make a large number of them before Christmas and try to keep them from being eaten too quickly. Everybody loves them. The handyman at my condo is fond of calling the winds that buffet the San José region around Christmas vientos tamaleros, tamale winds. They are more properly known as the vientos navideños, Christmas winds.
The task of cooking up a big batch of tamales is long and arduous. I took an intensive seminar in the process with some fairly traditional Tico friends a couple years ago. They started around 5 AM, well before my arrival. It was solid work until 5 PM, when the first batch of 50 went into a huge pot of boiling water over a wood fire in an open area behind their house. This first batch came out at 6 PM. They made 5 batches that day.
Unlike the tiny Mexican tamale wrapped in corn husks or the enormous Columbian variety that must go at least a pound, the Tico version is the perfect size for a light meal or a solid snack. The ones you buy in the supermarket (year around) weigh 500 grams for 2, about 8 ½ ounces each. Some chinamos (food stands) or bars will offer smaller tamales. They are made, cooked, and sold as a pair, called a piña, tied together with string. You can buy just one for immediate consumption at restaurants or stands.
The Tico tamal is wrapped in large leaves, sometimes called banana leaf, but actually one of several other plants. Collecting these leaves is a seasonal source of income for some rural people. It is not an endeavor free of risk. Two years ago a collector was bitten by a poisonous snake. The viper must have hit a vein because the poor guy sat down and died on the spot.
There is a little meat in the tamal, generally pork and/or chicken. This is the first step, to boil up the meat in some spices. The corn is also boiled and then ground into a dough called masa. There are small mills that will do the grinding for you. You just have to lug the wet boiled corn to them and bring home the heavy bag of masa. The entire family is put to work assembling the tamales, under the watchful eye of Mom. Proper proportion and structure are critical.
Along with the masa, each tamal gets several other ingredients: a small piece of meat, potato, chick peas, carrots, peas, rice, etc. Everybody has their own preferred recipe. The tamales are then carefully and artfully folded so as not to let the goodies leak out during the cooking. This was not a task I was entrusted with (well, they let me try a couple and then refolded them). Two are then tied together with string to make a piña. The assembled green packets are then boiled for about an hour. A wood fire is traditional.
Citizens – I would like to think that my recipe stands amongst the finest for this Latin American treat! 🙂
Battle on – The Generalissimo
PrintThe Hirshon Costa Rican Christmas Tamales
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- Cook Time: 0 hours
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Ingredients
- Rice Tico-Style:
- 3–5 sprigs cilantro
- 1 small or half a medium onion
- ½ small red sweet pepper
- 3 cups (700 ml) chicken broth
- 2 cups (350 ml) white rice
- ½ teaspoon (2.5 ml) salt
- 1 Tablespoon (15 ml) vegetable oil
- ***
- For the Tamales:
- 55 g (¼ cup) white rice
- 250 g boneless pork shoulder, cut into 3 cm pieces
- 1 onion, halved lengthwise
- 12 peppercorns
- 1 tsp cumin seeds
- 2 thyme sprigs
- 1 potato
- 2 tsp ground cumin
- 30 g (¼ cup) frozen peas
- ½ carrot, finely chopped
- 2 garlic cloves, finely chopped
- 1 tsp dried oregano
- 2 tbsp chopped coriander leaves
- banana leaves (about 6 meters of leaves) cut into 20 x 20 cm squares
- hot sauce, to serve
- ***
- Tamal dough:
- 200 g lard, at room temperature
- 330 g (3 cups) masa harina
- 1 tsp baking powder
- 1 tablespoon salt
- 1 tsp ground cumin
- 1 tsp ground achiote
- 2 ½ cups reserved pork stock from cooking pork shoulder
- ***
- Salsa:
- 2 large green tomatoes
- 2 large tomatoes
- 2 large vidalia onions (or Spanish onions)
- 1 bunch fresh cilantro
- 1 tablespoon lime juice
- 2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar
Instructions
- For the rice: chop cilantro, onion, and red pepper very fine.
- Add 1 Tablespoon oil to a large pan and sauté the dry rice for 2 minutes over medium high flame then add the chopped onion, sweet pepper and cilantro and sauté another 2 minutes.
- Add chicken broth, bring to a boil, cover and reduce heat to simmer until rice is tender (20-35 minutes).
- For the potato: Peel the potatoes and boil with salt, cilantro and oregano to taste until soft. Cool and cut into ½ inch (1 cm) cubes.
- Meanwhile, place pork in a saucepan over medium-low heat. Add onion, peppercorns, cumin and thyme, then cover with cold water. Bring to a simmer, cover and cook for 2 hours or until pork is meltingly tender. Allow to cool completely in liquid. Remove pork, saving liquid for the dough. Using two forks, shred meat, then toss with potato, cumin, peas, carrot, garlic, herbs and rice. Refrigerate until needed.
- To make dough, beat lard in an electric mixer for 8 minutes or until fluffy. Combine masa harina with lard and spices beat for 15 minutes or until firm and not sticky. Add baking powder and salt. Beat to combine.
- Add about 2 ½ cups reserved stock to make a paste the consistency of mashed potatoes. Mix and add slowly, and if you over shoot on the broth and get it too thin, add a little more masa.Warm banana leaf squares over an open flame until pliable.
- Place 1 heaped tablespoonful of dough in the center of each leaf, shape into a rectangle, and then top with 1 heaped tablespoonful of pork mixture. Starting at a corner, roll up leaves diagonally, folding in sides as you roll to enclose mixture. Tie each parcel with kitchen string then wrap each parcel in foil. Boil for 45 minutes or until parcels feel firm. Remove from water and set aside to cool completely.
- To make salsa, combine all ingredients in a bowl with 1 tsp salt. Serve tamales with salsa and hot sauce.
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